JavaScript — Lesson 6

Arrays & Loops

Working with collections of data.

By Majed Qandeel · Jul 26, 2026 · Lesson 6 of 12

Arrays & Loops

Arrays store collections of data, and loops let you work with each item in the collection.

Creating Arrays

// Literal syntax (recommended) const fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]; // Mixed types const mixed = [1, "hello", true, { name: "Alice" }];

Accessing Array Items

fruits[0]; // "apple" (first item, index 0) fruits[1]; // "banana" fruits[2]; // "orange" fruits.length; // 3 fruits[fruits.length - 1]; // "orange" (last item)

Array Methods

const arr = [1, 2, 3]; arr.push(4); // [1, 2, 3, 4] (add to end) arr.pop(); // [1, 2, 3] (remove from end) arr.unshift(0); // [0, 1, 2, 3] (add to start) arr.shift(); // [1, 2, 3] (remove from start) arr.indexOf(2); // 1 (find index) arr.includes(3); // true (check if exists) arr.join(", "); // "1, 2, 3" (convert to string)

For Loop

for (let i = 0; i < fruits.length; i++) { console.log(fruits[i]); } // "apple" // "banana" // "orange"

For...of Loop (ES6)

Simpler syntax for iterating over arrays.

for (const fruit of fruits) { console.log(fruit); }

Array Methods: forEach, map, filter

// forEach: do something with each item fruits.forEach(fruit => { console.log("I like " + fruit); }); // map: create a new array by transforming each item const uppercased = fruits.map(f => f.toUpperCase()); // ["APPLE", "BANANA", "ORANGE"] // filter: create a new array with items that pass a test const longNames = fruits.filter(f => f.length > 5); // ["banana", "orange"]

While Loop

let i = 0; while (i < 5) { console.log(i); i++; }
Tip: Prefer for...of for simple iteration and map/filter/forEach for more specific transformations.

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